A: "Bloat' is a common term for gastric dilatation (stomach expansion) with or without volvulus (rotation of the stomach). GDV is a common acronym.

This problem is common in large deep-chested dog breeds. Basically the stomach rotates in such a way that gas and fluid cannot exit. Pressure builds and the stomach starts to expand. This creates discomfort and a bloated appearance to the abdomen.

There is often a history of gorging on a large amount of food or water. Dogs often try to vomit repeatedly with little or no fluid or food being produced. GDV is always an emergency. The distended stomach can compress large blood vessels (like the aorta and vena cava) and interrupt blood supply to the rest of the body. Any pet suspected of having GDV should be taken to a veterinarian immediately.

The only way that GDV can be prevented with certainty is a surgery called a gastropexy. This procedure prevents rotation of the stomach but will not prevent bloat. There are several variations but the basic procedure is to "tack" or sew the stomach to the abdominal wall or a rib. This anchors the stomach and physically prevents it from rotating. Gastropexy is commonly performed at the same time as neutering or spaying but can be performed at any time at any age.

Gastropexy patients are typically discharged the day of surgery and complications are rare.

A dog that experiences GDV is likely to experience the problem again in the future. Most dogs that undergo exploratory surgery to correct GDV receive a gastropexy at the time of exploratory. Ask your veterinarian if you are concerned about GDV in your dog.

Erik Dorsch is a veterinarian at The Animal Hospital of Carrboro.